-- : 1. I Prefer juice avocado to coffe
2. My sister Prefer eating fried chiken to (eating) chiken
3. My Father Prefer coffe to tea
4. My Mother prefer eating fried rice to (eating) snack
5. Father Prefer eating fried fish to (eating) shrimp
-- : 6. My mother Like eating rice better than eating snack
7. Father like eating snack better than eating cake
8. I like milk better than tea
9. My father like coffe better than tea
10. My sister like eating cake betterb than eating snack
-- :11. I Would rather tea than coffe
12. my sister would rather stay in the house than go to the cinema
13. my father would rather play bulutangkis than football
14. I would rather water than coffe
15. Father would rather eating snack than eating cake.
Jumat, 20 Mei 2011
Kamis, 14 April 2011
sofskill Tiga
HOW TO OVERCOME POVERTY ISLAM
The issue of poverty and unemployment re-sticking and getting the attention of many parties after the controversial speech of President Yudhoyono on August 16, 2006 then in front of Parliament. Regardless of the debate that occurred about the validity of data on poverty, is actually more important momentum is used to push back the discourse of poverty reduction strategies appropriate for Indonesia.
SBY-JK government when it was inaugurated in 2004 carrying the three-point strategy (triple track strategy) for the economic recovery of poverty alleviation (pro-poor), the acceleration of economic growth (pro-growth), and expansion of employment opportunities (pro-employment). Latest poverty data released by Connecticut last week, ensuring that the strategy of three lanes of SBY-JK government has failed. As of March 2006, the poverty rate is 17.75% or an increase of 16.66% in 2004. It takes a new strategy for poverty, a more comprehensive, addressing the root of the problem, and not just mere rhetoric.
Roots of Poverty
Islam considers that poverty is a structural problem entirely because God has guaranteed rizki every creature that has been, is, and will be created (Sura 30:40, Sura 11:6) and at the same time Islam has closed the opportunity for cultural poverty by giving the obligation to find living for every individual (Sura 67:15). Each creature has its rizki respectively (Sura 29:60) and they will not starve (Surah 20: 118-119).
In the Islamic perspective, poverty is caused by various structural reasons. First, poverty arises because of the wickedness of man against nature (Sura 30:41) so that the man himself who then feel the impact of her (Surah 42:30). Second, poverty arises because of ignorance and stinginess rich group (Sura 3: 180, Sura 70:18) so that the poor are not able to exit from poverty. Thirdly, poverty arises because some people are being dzalim, exploitative, and oppressive to the majority of other human beings, such as consuming the property of others by way of vanity (Sura 9:34), consuming the orphan's property (Sura 4: 2, 6, 10) , and consuming wealth usury (Sura 2:275).
Fourth, poverty arises because the concentration of political power, bureaucracy, and economy in one hand. This is illustrated in the story of Pharaoh, Haman, and Korah are allied in oppressing the people of Egypt in the life of Prophet Musa (Sura 28:1-88). Fifth, the poverty caused by external shocks such as natural disasters or wars, so the land which was originally rich became poor. Natural disasters such as that struck this impoverish the people of Saba (Surah 34: 14-15) or the wars that created the poor refugees who were expelled from his country (Sura 59:8-9).
By understanding the root of the problem, it's easier for us to understand the phenomenon of poverty is increasingly reigned around us. Is not the root of poverty in this country is exploitative behavior due to the application of interest so that every year we have spent most of the state budget to pay interest on the debt and the real sector should be of high interest rates choked banking collapse? Is not the root of poverty in this country is a corrupt bureaucracy and centralization of power in the hands of political power and capital owners, so no longer clear where the public interest and where self-interest? Is not the root of poverty in this country is the fruit of our crimes against the environment that we are damaged in such a massive and extensive?
PovertyReductionStrategy
Islam has a variety of relevant principles of public policy that can be used as a guide for programs of poverty alleviation and job creation as well. First, Islam encourages economic growth that benefits the community area (pro-poor growth).
Islam achieve pro-poor growth through two main lines: the prohibition of usury and promoting real sector activities. Prohibition of usury will effectively control inflation so that the purchasing power of people woke up and created economic stability. At the same time, Islam directs capital in productive economic activities through economic cooperation and business as mudaraba, muzara'ah, and musaqat. Thus, creating harmony between the real sector and monetary policies so that economic growth can take place on an ongoing basis.
Secondly, Islam encourages the creation of the state budget in favor of the interests of the people (pro-poor budgeting). In Islamic history, there are three key principles in achieving pro-poor budgeting, namely: strict fiscal discipline, good governance, and use fully the state budget for public purposes
It never happened in the Islamic government budget deficits despite expenditure pressures are very high, except once in the reign of the Prophet Muhammad because of the war. Which is driven more efficiency and budget savings through good governance. In Islam, the state budget is public property so that the budget be very responsive to the interests of the poor, such as providing food, pay for funeral expenses and debts, giving interest-free loans for commercial purposes, and scholarships for the study of religion.
Third, Islam encourages the development of infrastructure that provide broad benefits to society (pro-poor infrastructure). Islam encourages the development of infrastructure that has the effect of positive externalities in order to improve capacity and efficiency of the economy. Prophet Muhammad in Medina to distribute land to the community to build housing, establish public baths d corner of the city, build markets, expand the road network, and pay attention to the postal service. Caliph Omar bin Khattab built the city of Kufa and Basra by giving greater attention to infrastructure and urban spatial structure. He also ordered the governor of Egypt, Amr bin Ash, to use a third of Egypt's acceptance to the construction of bridges, canals, and water networks.
Fourth, Islam encourages the provision of basic public services in favor of the wider community (pro-poor public services). There are three areas of public service that gets serious attention to Islam: bureaucracy, education, and health.
In Islam, the bureaucracy is a mandate to serve the public, not for self or group interests. Caliph Uthman did not take a salary from his office. Caliph Ali clean bureaucracy with officials dismiss the corrupt pubic. In addition, Islam also encourages the development of education and health as a source of productivity for the long-term economic growth. Prophet Muhammad asked for ransom for prisoners of war by teaching literacy to the public. Prophet Muhammad also told people to behave a clean life and ordered that the sick in quarantine until cured to prevent the spread of disease.
Fifth, Islam encourages equality and income distribution policies that favor the poor (pro-poor income distribution). There are three main instruments in Islam that is related to income distribution of land ownership rules, the application of zakat, and advocate qardul hasan, infaq, and endowments. Islam set for every person who turn on the ground dead, the land belonged to him. And for anyone who abandoned their land, then the state is entitled to take it to then give to others who are ready to process it. With the application of zakat, then there is no concentration of wealth in a group of people. Zakat also ensure that everyone will be guaranteed minimum living and thus have the opportunity to escape poverty. Furthermore, to ensure that the property is not only circulated among the rich only, Islam also strongly encourage the rich to give qard, infaq, and endowments.
Ummah Welfare Economics
In the eye of the purpose and contribution that can be given by the institutional endowments of money, then the existence of waqf money in Indonesia has become very crucial. At least there are some things that lead to the importance of empowerment of waqf in Indonesia
1. The poverty rate in Indonesia is still high, which require attention and concrete measures.
2. High gap between rich with the poor population
3. Indonesia has the largest Muslim population, so that the endowments have great potential to be developed
4. A number of disasters that occur, resulting in the budget deficit, so that the necessary independence of the community in the provision of public goods.
Still, not something that is easy to be able to solve some problems in the national economy. Need seriousness, commitment and hard work to finish it. For example, the results of simulations conducted by Masyita, et al in their study titled "A Dynamic Model for Cash Waqf Management as One of The Alternative Instruments for the Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia" stated that: based on the study result above and Various scenarios proposed, if the funds gathered through Cash Waqf Certificate ie increase of ZAR 50 million in a day, it will from the take approximately 11,000 hours (30 years) to eliminate poverty and 21 000 days (57 years) to increase of quality of live for Indonesian population with the Assumption the others constant.
Development of cash waqf has a strategic economic value. With the development of waqf of money, it will get a number of advantages, among which are as follows:
First, the endowments of money amounts can be varied so that someone who has a limited budget can begin to provide funds wakafnya without having to wait to be rich or landlord first, so the program will ease the cash waqf waqf or wakif giver to perform religious endowments.
Second, through endowments of money, assets in the form of waqf lands vacant could begin to be used by the construction of buildings or land cultivated for agriculture.
The issue of poverty and unemployment re-sticking and getting the attention of many parties after the controversial speech of President Yudhoyono on August 16, 2006 then in front of Parliament. Regardless of the debate that occurred about the validity of data on poverty, is actually more important momentum is used to push back the discourse of poverty reduction strategies appropriate for Indonesia.
SBY-JK government when it was inaugurated in 2004 carrying the three-point strategy (triple track strategy) for the economic recovery of poverty alleviation (pro-poor), the acceleration of economic growth (pro-growth), and expansion of employment opportunities (pro-employment). Latest poverty data released by Connecticut last week, ensuring that the strategy of three lanes of SBY-JK government has failed. As of March 2006, the poverty rate is 17.75% or an increase of 16.66% in 2004. It takes a new strategy for poverty, a more comprehensive, addressing the root of the problem, and not just mere rhetoric.
Roots of Poverty
Islam considers that poverty is a structural problem entirely because God has guaranteed rizki every creature that has been, is, and will be created (Sura 30:40, Sura 11:6) and at the same time Islam has closed the opportunity for cultural poverty by giving the obligation to find living for every individual (Sura 67:15). Each creature has its rizki respectively (Sura 29:60) and they will not starve (Surah 20: 118-119).
In the Islamic perspective, poverty is caused by various structural reasons. First, poverty arises because of the wickedness of man against nature (Sura 30:41) so that the man himself who then feel the impact of her (Surah 42:30). Second, poverty arises because of ignorance and stinginess rich group (Sura 3: 180, Sura 70:18) so that the poor are not able to exit from poverty. Thirdly, poverty arises because some people are being dzalim, exploitative, and oppressive to the majority of other human beings, such as consuming the property of others by way of vanity (Sura 9:34), consuming the orphan's property (Sura 4: 2, 6, 10) , and consuming wealth usury (Sura 2:275).
Fourth, poverty arises because the concentration of political power, bureaucracy, and economy in one hand. This is illustrated in the story of Pharaoh, Haman, and Korah are allied in oppressing the people of Egypt in the life of Prophet Musa (Sura 28:1-88). Fifth, the poverty caused by external shocks such as natural disasters or wars, so the land which was originally rich became poor. Natural disasters such as that struck this impoverish the people of Saba (Surah 34: 14-15) or the wars that created the poor refugees who were expelled from his country (Sura 59:8-9).
By understanding the root of the problem, it's easier for us to understand the phenomenon of poverty is increasingly reigned around us. Is not the root of poverty in this country is exploitative behavior due to the application of interest so that every year we have spent most of the state budget to pay interest on the debt and the real sector should be of high interest rates choked banking collapse? Is not the root of poverty in this country is a corrupt bureaucracy and centralization of power in the hands of political power and capital owners, so no longer clear where the public interest and where self-interest? Is not the root of poverty in this country is the fruit of our crimes against the environment that we are damaged in such a massive and extensive?
PovertyReductionStrategy
Islam has a variety of relevant principles of public policy that can be used as a guide for programs of poverty alleviation and job creation as well. First, Islam encourages economic growth that benefits the community area (pro-poor growth).
Islam achieve pro-poor growth through two main lines: the prohibition of usury and promoting real sector activities. Prohibition of usury will effectively control inflation so that the purchasing power of people woke up and created economic stability. At the same time, Islam directs capital in productive economic activities through economic cooperation and business as mudaraba, muzara'ah, and musaqat. Thus, creating harmony between the real sector and monetary policies so that economic growth can take place on an ongoing basis.
Secondly, Islam encourages the creation of the state budget in favor of the interests of the people (pro-poor budgeting). In Islamic history, there are three key principles in achieving pro-poor budgeting, namely: strict fiscal discipline, good governance, and use fully the state budget for public purposes
It never happened in the Islamic government budget deficits despite expenditure pressures are very high, except once in the reign of the Prophet Muhammad because of the war. Which is driven more efficiency and budget savings through good governance. In Islam, the state budget is public property so that the budget be very responsive to the interests of the poor, such as providing food, pay for funeral expenses and debts, giving interest-free loans for commercial purposes, and scholarships for the study of religion.
Third, Islam encourages the development of infrastructure that provide broad benefits to society (pro-poor infrastructure). Islam encourages the development of infrastructure that has the effect of positive externalities in order to improve capacity and efficiency of the economy. Prophet Muhammad in Medina to distribute land to the community to build housing, establish public baths d corner of the city, build markets, expand the road network, and pay attention to the postal service. Caliph Omar bin Khattab built the city of Kufa and Basra by giving greater attention to infrastructure and urban spatial structure. He also ordered the governor of Egypt, Amr bin Ash, to use a third of Egypt's acceptance to the construction of bridges, canals, and water networks.
Fourth, Islam encourages the provision of basic public services in favor of the wider community (pro-poor public services). There are three areas of public service that gets serious attention to Islam: bureaucracy, education, and health.
In Islam, the bureaucracy is a mandate to serve the public, not for self or group interests. Caliph Uthman did not take a salary from his office. Caliph Ali clean bureaucracy with officials dismiss the corrupt pubic. In addition, Islam also encourages the development of education and health as a source of productivity for the long-term economic growth. Prophet Muhammad asked for ransom for prisoners of war by teaching literacy to the public. Prophet Muhammad also told people to behave a clean life and ordered that the sick in quarantine until cured to prevent the spread of disease.
Fifth, Islam encourages equality and income distribution policies that favor the poor (pro-poor income distribution). There are three main instruments in Islam that is related to income distribution of land ownership rules, the application of zakat, and advocate qardul hasan, infaq, and endowments. Islam set for every person who turn on the ground dead, the land belonged to him. And for anyone who abandoned their land, then the state is entitled to take it to then give to others who are ready to process it. With the application of zakat, then there is no concentration of wealth in a group of people. Zakat also ensure that everyone will be guaranteed minimum living and thus have the opportunity to escape poverty. Furthermore, to ensure that the property is not only circulated among the rich only, Islam also strongly encourage the rich to give qard, infaq, and endowments.
Ummah Welfare Economics
In the eye of the purpose and contribution that can be given by the institutional endowments of money, then the existence of waqf money in Indonesia has become very crucial. At least there are some things that lead to the importance of empowerment of waqf in Indonesia
1. The poverty rate in Indonesia is still high, which require attention and concrete measures.
2. High gap between rich with the poor population
3. Indonesia has the largest Muslim population, so that the endowments have great potential to be developed
4. A number of disasters that occur, resulting in the budget deficit, so that the necessary independence of the community in the provision of public goods.
Still, not something that is easy to be able to solve some problems in the national economy. Need seriousness, commitment and hard work to finish it. For example, the results of simulations conducted by Masyita, et al in their study titled "A Dynamic Model for Cash Waqf Management as One of The Alternative Instruments for the Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia" stated that: based on the study result above and Various scenarios proposed, if the funds gathered through Cash Waqf Certificate ie increase of ZAR 50 million in a day, it will from the take approximately 11,000 hours (30 years) to eliminate poverty and 21 000 days (57 years) to increase of quality of live for Indonesian population with the Assumption the others constant.
Development of cash waqf has a strategic economic value. With the development of waqf of money, it will get a number of advantages, among which are as follows:
First, the endowments of money amounts can be varied so that someone who has a limited budget can begin to provide funds wakafnya without having to wait to be rich or landlord first, so the program will ease the cash waqf waqf or wakif giver to perform religious endowments.
Second, through endowments of money, assets in the form of waqf lands vacant could begin to be used by the construction of buildings or land cultivated for agriculture.
softskill dua :)
Latihan 1
1. A : Do You know my brother?
B : No, I don’t (I don’t know your brother)
2. A : Is Jane eats lunch at cafeteria every day?
B : Yes, She is (Jane eats lunch at the cafeteria every day.)
3. A : Does That pen belong to you?
B : No, it doesn’t ( That pen doesn’t belong to me.)
4. A : Did The students in that class spea English well?
B : Yes, They did (The students in this class speak English well.)
5. A : Did You sleep well last night?
B : Yes, I did (I slept well last night.)
6. A : Did Ann and Jim come to class yesterday?
B : No, They didn’t (Ann and Jim didn’t come to class yesterday.)
7. A : Are you studying your grammar book?
B : Yes, I am (I’m studying my grammar book.)
8. A : Are The children watching TV?
B : No, They aren’t (The children aren’t watching TV.)
9. A : Is Tim Wilson in your astronomy class?
B : Yes, He is (Tim Wilson is in my astronomy class.)
10. A : Was it foggy yesterday?
B : No, It wasn’t (It wasn’t foggy yesterday.)
11. A : Will you be at home tonight?
B : No, I won’t ( I won’t be at home tonight.)
12. A : Is Jason going to be at work tomorrow?
B : No, He isn’t (Jason isn’t going to be at work tomorrow.)
Latihan 5
1. A : Where / What time did you get up this morning?
B : At 7:30. (I got up at 7:30 this morning.)
2. A : Where did you eat lunch today?
B : At the cafetaria. (I ate lunch at tge cafeteria today.)
3. A : When / What time you eat lunch?
B : At 12:15. (I ate lunch at 12:15.)
4. A : Why are you eat lunch at the cafeteria?
B : Because the food is good. (I eat lunch at the cafeteria because the food is good.)
5. A : Where did your Aunt and Uncle live?
B : In Chicago. (My aunt and uncle live n Chicago.)
6. A : When are you going to visit your aunt and uncle?
B : Next week. (I’m going to visit my aunt and uncle next week.)
7. A : What time will you get home tonight ?
B : Around six. (I’ll get home around six tonight.)
8. A : Where will george going to study tonight?
B : At the library. (George is going to study at the library tonight.)
9. A : Why George studies at the library ?
B : Because it’s quiet. (George studies at the library because it’s quiet.)
10. A : Where can catch a bus ?
B : At that corner. (You can catch a bus at that corner.)
11. A : When / What time you have to leave ?
B : Ten O’clock. (I have to leave at ten o’clock.)
12. A : Where was you live in 1988 ?
B : In Japan. (I was living in Japan in 1988.)
1. A : Do You know my brother?
B : No, I don’t (I don’t know your brother)
2. A : Is Jane eats lunch at cafeteria every day?
B : Yes, She is (Jane eats lunch at the cafeteria every day.)
3. A : Does That pen belong to you?
B : No, it doesn’t ( That pen doesn’t belong to me.)
4. A : Did The students in that class spea English well?
B : Yes, They did (The students in this class speak English well.)
5. A : Did You sleep well last night?
B : Yes, I did (I slept well last night.)
6. A : Did Ann and Jim come to class yesterday?
B : No, They didn’t (Ann and Jim didn’t come to class yesterday.)
7. A : Are you studying your grammar book?
B : Yes, I am (I’m studying my grammar book.)
8. A : Are The children watching TV?
B : No, They aren’t (The children aren’t watching TV.)
9. A : Is Tim Wilson in your astronomy class?
B : Yes, He is (Tim Wilson is in my astronomy class.)
10. A : Was it foggy yesterday?
B : No, It wasn’t (It wasn’t foggy yesterday.)
11. A : Will you be at home tonight?
B : No, I won’t ( I won’t be at home tonight.)
12. A : Is Jason going to be at work tomorrow?
B : No, He isn’t (Jason isn’t going to be at work tomorrow.)
Latihan 5
1. A : Where / What time did you get up this morning?
B : At 7:30. (I got up at 7:30 this morning.)
2. A : Where did you eat lunch today?
B : At the cafetaria. (I ate lunch at tge cafeteria today.)
3. A : When / What time you eat lunch?
B : At 12:15. (I ate lunch at 12:15.)
4. A : Why are you eat lunch at the cafeteria?
B : Because the food is good. (I eat lunch at the cafeteria because the food is good.)
5. A : Where did your Aunt and Uncle live?
B : In Chicago. (My aunt and uncle live n Chicago.)
6. A : When are you going to visit your aunt and uncle?
B : Next week. (I’m going to visit my aunt and uncle next week.)
7. A : What time will you get home tonight ?
B : Around six. (I’ll get home around six tonight.)
8. A : Where will george going to study tonight?
B : At the library. (George is going to study at the library tonight.)
9. A : Why George studies at the library ?
B : Because it’s quiet. (George studies at the library because it’s quiet.)
10. A : Where can catch a bus ?
B : At that corner. (You can catch a bus at that corner.)
11. A : When / What time you have to leave ?
B : Ten O’clock. (I have to leave at ten o’clock.)
12. A : Where was you live in 1988 ?
B : In Japan. (I was living in Japan in 1988.)
softskills 1 :)
Manager of position
As a manager, he was with employees should be encouraged to always conduct a study to generate new ideas and mengkontribusikannya the company. The attitude of managers that may have been so tolerant of each employee error manager should be changed. Managers must take a position to prevent a serious risk of a mistake to work. It is a to success is usually based on the failures that have been experienced. However, managers must evaluate each failure and perform self-evaluation.
The duties of managers in companies :
1.Direct subordinates working arrangements (which do direct report to him)
2.Managing and controlling the spending per department based on budgets approved
3.Maintain awareness and knowledge of organizational development theory up to date / appropriate time and method-the method and provide a reasonable interpretation to directors, managers and staff within the organization
4.Monitor, measure and report on organizational development plans and achievements within the forms / formats and timelines have been approved
5.Plan, develop and implement organizational development strategies (including specific areas relevant to the organizational structure and other
6.Fully responsible for any decision made by it at the time of an hour he was in charge, because at that time he diwewenangkan by the company to make decisions that have been handed over to him.
Function manager is more as a researcher and designer at the same time rather than just as a supervisor. In this case, managers should encourage employees to create new ideas, no matter how small, and communicate those ideas to other employees. In addition, managers should encourage employees to understand the overall work and problems, develop a collective vision and work together to achieve company goals.
The role of a manager include :
1.Interpersonal Roles
Namely the relationship between the managers with the people around him
2. Role Information
Is a role in regulating the information possessed good that comes from within and outside the organization.
3. Role of Decision Makers
It is a role in making good decisions that determined its own and produced with the other party
As a manager, he was with employees should be encouraged to always conduct a study to generate new ideas and mengkontribusikannya the company. The attitude of managers that may have been so tolerant of each employee error manager should be changed. Managers must take a position to prevent a serious risk of a mistake to work. It is a to success is usually based on the failures that have been experienced. However, managers must evaluate each failure and perform self-evaluation.
The duties of managers in companies :
1.Direct subordinates working arrangements (which do direct report to him)
2.Managing and controlling the spending per department based on budgets approved
3.Maintain awareness and knowledge of organizational development theory up to date / appropriate time and method-the method and provide a reasonable interpretation to directors, managers and staff within the organization
4.Monitor, measure and report on organizational development plans and achievements within the forms / formats and timelines have been approved
5.Plan, develop and implement organizational development strategies (including specific areas relevant to the organizational structure and other
6.Fully responsible for any decision made by it at the time of an hour he was in charge, because at that time he diwewenangkan by the company to make decisions that have been handed over to him.
Function manager is more as a researcher and designer at the same time rather than just as a supervisor. In this case, managers should encourage employees to create new ideas, no matter how small, and communicate those ideas to other employees. In addition, managers should encourage employees to understand the overall work and problems, develop a collective vision and work together to achieve company goals.
The role of a manager include :
1.Interpersonal Roles
Namely the relationship between the managers with the people around him
2. Role Information
Is a role in regulating the information possessed good that comes from within and outside the organization.
3. Role of Decision Makers
It is a role in making good decisions that determined its own and produced with the other party
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